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典型國家主要清潔能源產業政策創新與市場發展——《國際清潔能源產業發展報告(2018)》

典型国家主要清洁能源产业政策创新与市场发展

宋梅 张文

摘要:随着全球气候变化和化石能源紧缺等问题的日益严峻,清洁能源产业发展越来越得到世界各国的重视。我国清洁能源资源丰富,具备大规模开发和利用的潜力。近年来,我国风电、太阳能光伏发电、核电以及生物质能等清洁能源产业发展迅速,在能源生产和消费结构中的比重不断上升,但距2020年的减排目标仍有不小差距,清洁能源发展中仍存在不少问题。基于此,本文重点分析丹麦、德国、法国及巴西在风电、太阳能光伏发电、核电以及生物质能等清洁能源产业的政策创新和产业发展,并与我国清洁能源政策进行对比分析。分析得出,丹麦通过补贴与税收政策推动本国风电产业的快速发展,德国根据自身光伏产业发展阶段动态调整补贴政策,法国通过制定系统完善的核能和核废料法规体系,确保了核电产业最终成为法国的主导能源产业,巴西根据国情选择燃料乙醇作为重点发展产业,通过立法实现生物质能的大规模开发与使用。以上典型国家清洁能源产业的政策创新和启示将为我国清洁能源产业的健康发展提供重要借鉴。

关键词:清洁能源  风电  光伏发电  核电  生物质能  政策比较

作者简介:宋梅,国际清洁能源论坛 (澳门) 理事,中国矿业大学 (北京) 教授,博士生导师。从事能源经济、 碳交易市场等方面的研究。张文,中国矿业大学 (北京) 管理科学与工程研究生。

Policy innovation and market development of the main clean energy industries in model countries

Song Mei  Zhang Wen

Abstract: With the increasingly severe problems of global climate change and the shortage of fossil energy, countries around the world are paying more attention to the development of clean energy industries. China is rich in clean energy resources and has the potential for developing and utilizing them on a large scale. In recent years, clean energy industries have developed rapidly in China, such as wind power, photovoltaic power, nuclear power and biomass energy. Additionally, the proportion of clean energy is increasing in both the energy production structure and energy consumption structure. However, there is still a long way to go to reach the emission reduction target for 2020 and there are still many difficulties in developing clean energy industries. Based on this, this paper focuses on the policy innovation and industrial development of clean energy industries in foreign countries, including wind power, photovoltaic power, nuclear power and biomass energy in Denmark, Germany, France and Brazil. These countries’ policies are analyzed and compared with those of China. Denmark has promoted the rapid development of the wind power industry through subsidies and taxes, Germany has dynamically adjusted the subsidy policy at different development stages of the photovoltaic power industry, and France has developed a full legal system for the nuclear energy industry and nuclear waste management, to make the nuclear power industry the leading energy industry in the country. Similarly, Brazil has chosen fuel ethanol as a priority development industry based on its national conditions, and enacted laws to develop and use the biomass energy on a large scale. The policy innovation and inspirations of clean energy industries in foreign model countries provide important reference for the healthy development of clean energy industries in China.

Key words: clean energy; wind power; photovoltaic power; nuclear power; biomass energy; policy comparison

2019-04-18
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