中國能源生態環境影響綜合評估——《國際清潔能源產業發展報告（2018）》

中国能源生态环境影响综合评估

罗宏 周维 谢雪松

摘要：中国的生态环境问题已经成为制约能源开发利用的重要因素之一。在分析中国能源发展的生态环境约束的基础上，应用压力-状态-响应理论模型构建中国能源生态环境影响综合评估指标体系，对中国2013至2016年能源生态环境情况进行了评估，从国家生态环境保护的视角提出我国优化能源开发利用的若干建议。研究结果表明，中国能源开发利用对生态环境的影响日益减轻，其矛盾有所缓解，但部分优化能源开发利用的响应措施执行不善。建议统筹协调能源开发利用与生态文明建设、强化能源绿色低碳发展倒逼机制、完善促进能源行业绿色低碳化发展的经济激励政策、在重点开发利用区执行最严格的水资源保护制度、认真执行相关规划与环境影响评价制度、提升煤炭开发利用的生态环境安全性、降低油气开发利用的生态环境风险、防范水电开发累积生态环境风险。

关键词：能源生态环境影响 指标体系 压力—状态—响应模型

作者简介： 罗宏，博士，中国环境科学研究院研究员、能源与环境经济研究领域首席专家，获得国家能源局软科学优秀成果奖、中国能源研究会能源创新奖等。周维，国际清洁能源论坛 (澳门)理事，原国务院三峡办巡视员、副司长，研究员。中科院地理研究所特约研究员、中科院重庆研究院讲座研究员、西南大学客座教授、中国环科院特邀专家，科技部在库专家，长期从事流域及水电水环境管理与生态环境监测管理工作。谢雪松，加拿大达尔豪斯大学 (Dalhousie University) 应用科学硕士研究生毕业，中国环境科学研究院工程师。

Comprehensive Assessment of the Ecological and Environmental Impact of China’s Energy Exploitation and Consumption

Abstract: There are significant conflicts between China’s unsatisfactory energy production and consumption structure and its national development strategy of achieving ecological and environmental protection. Ecological and environmental issues have become significant factors constraining energy development in China. This article offers suggestions on how to optimize China’s energy development and use from the perspective of protecting its national ecology and environment. These proposals are based on analysis of the foundation of ecological and environmental constraints facing China’s energy development, implementation of the Pressure-State-Response Model to create a comprehensive assessment index system for the ecological and environmental impact of energy use, and evaluation of the ecological and environmental status of energy in China from 2013 to 2016. This study shows that the ecological and environmental impact of energy development and use is decreasing, and the contradiction is becoming less stark. However, some of the response measures to optimize energy use are poorly implemented. It is suggested that the authorities concerned coordinate energy use and the building of ecological civilization, strengthen the development of green low-carbon energy mechanisms, and improve economic incentive policies to promote green low-carbon development in the energy industry. Moreover, they could implement highly stringent protection systems for water resources in key energy development areas, conscientiously implement relevant planning and environmental impact assessment systems, improve ecological and environmental protection regarding fossil fuel energy production and use, and guard against the accumulated ecological and environmental risks surrounding hydroelectric power generation.

Keywords: Ecological and Environmental Impacts of Energy, Indicator System, Pressure-State-Response Model