美日大灣區的天然氣發展戰略比較 ——《粵港澳大灣區綠色發展報告（2020）

美日大灣區的天然氣發展戰略比較

鐘飛騰

 

摘要：

本文的分析表明，在2020年新冠疫情暴發之前，美國和日本的天然氣消費一直處於蓬勃發展之中。與中央一級政府的能源政策相比，美日的大灣區呈現出不同的能源發展模式。紐約和加利福尼亞州十分重視氣候變化的影響，因而加快了削減化石能源消費的計畫。特別是加利福尼亞州走在前列，個別市政府甚至取消新建築使用天然氣，紐約州也是美國清潔能源發展的引領者，在多項技術標準中名列前茅。東京也非常重視氣候變化的影響，甚至制定了2030年實現發電來源中30%的可再生能源占比發展目標，其中包括了天然氣，並以法律的形式推動能源消費的轉型，引領日本整體上的可持續發展。在氣候變化這一動因背後，更重要的推動因素是這些大灣區的城市經濟，特別是以服務業為主的經濟結構以及構成城市競爭力的環境因素。

關鍵字：

大灣區；天然氣；紐約；東京；氣候變化；經濟結構；城市經濟

作者簡介：

鐘飛騰，中國社會科學院亞太與全球戰略研究院研究員、大國關係研究室主任。

 

Comparison of Natural Gas Development Strategies between the United States and Japan’s Greater Bay Area

Zhong Feiteng

 

Abstract: This article shows that natural gas consumption in the United States and Japan is still booming before the break of Covid-19. However, compared with the energy policy of the central (federal) government, the US and Japan's Greater Bay Area presents a different energy development model. New York and California have taken climate change seriously, and have accelerated plans to reduce fossil energy consumption. In particular, California is at the forefront, and some municipal governments have even cancelled the use of natural gas in new buildings. New York State is also a leader in the development of clean energy in the United States and ranks among the top in many technical standards. Tokyo also attaches great importance to the impact of climate change, and even set a development goal of achieving 30% of renewable energy sources in power generation sources by 2030, including natural gas, and promoting the transformation of energy consumption in the form of laws, leading Japan's sustainable development. Behind the driving force of climate change, the more important driving factors are the urban economies of these Greater Bay Areas, especially the economic structure dominated by service industries, and the environmental factors that constitute urban competitiveness.

Key Words: Greater Bay Area; Natural Gas; New York; Tokyo; Climate Change; Economic Structure; Urban Economy