中國風電產業發展現狀和展望——《國際清潔能源產業發展報告（2019）》

中国风电产业发展现状和展望

 

施鹏飞

摘要：

2018年中小型风电整体行业经济效益比2017年略有下滑，总体上由于市场需求减少，生产容量和产值均有下降。并网风电保持稳定增长态势，2018年新增并网风电装机容量2059万千瓦，累计并网装机容量达到1.84亿千瓦，风电年发电量3660亿千瓦时。风电在全国电力结构中的比例逐年上升，2018年装机容量增至9.7%，上网电量增至5.2%，仍是火电和水电之后的第三大电源。风电装机的地区分布趋向电力负荷中心转移，2018年中南和华北地区占比出现增长。海上风电取得突破进展，2018年新增装机容量达到166万千瓦，累计装机达到444万千瓦。2018年中国新增风电装机容量占世界市场份额的45%，是世界最大的风电市场。

文中概述中国风电场开发商和风电设备制造企业状况，风电机组平均功率持续增加趋势，以及风电产业后市场的兴起机遇。本文还简要介绍了为解决风电产业发展中的问题出台的一些政策措施，如缓解弃风限电、推进分散式风电发展、降低风电项目的非技术成本、推行竞争方式配置风电项目以及积极推进风电无补贴平价上网有关工作等。

由于各项推进风电健康发展的政策逐步落实，风电“十三五”规划的发展目标可以提前完成。随着弃风限电明显缓解，项目成本下降，分散式风电将提速发展；海上风电积极稳妥开发；在风能资源优越的地区具备平价上网的风电项目将启动，率先跨入风电无补贴平价新时代。

关键词：

风力发电；  风电机组；  海上风电；  弃风限电；  相关政策

作者简介：

施鹏飞，教授级高级工程师，国际清洁能源论坛（澳门）理事，现任中国风能协会名誉主任。

 

Development Status and Outlook of Wind Power Industry in China

Shi Pengfei

Abstract: In 2018 the economic benefit of small and medium size wind turbine industry was downward compared to 2017, in general, due to the market demand reduced, both production capability and product value are going down. However, the grid connected wind power industry was keeping stable growth, in 2018 the annual new increased wind power installed capacity was 20.59GW, and the cumulative installed capacity reached 184GW by the end of the year, electricity generated by wind are 366TWh during the year. The proportion of wind power in the whole country electric power industry to be increase year by year, in 2018 the installed capacity up to 9.7% and the electricity generated up to 5.2%, it is still the third power source after thermal power and hydro-power. The regional distribution of wind power installation is moving to the area of power load center, the proportion in regions of central and southern China are growing up. The development of offshore wind power made a breakthrough, in 2018 the annual new increased offshore wind power installed capacity was 1.66GW, and the cumulative installed capacity reached 4.44GW. The annual new increased wind power installed capacity in 2018 was 45% of the global market, and China is the biggest wind power market in the world.

In this paper a brief description on the status of wind farm developers and wind turbine generator manufactures, the trend of average rated power of wind turbine generator keeping growth continuously, and opportunities of wind power post-market to be presented. The paper also introduce policies and measures to solve the problems in wind power development, such as to ease the curtailment of wind generated electricity, to promote the distributed wind power development, to cut down the non-technical cost in wind power projects, approval wind power projects by competitive bidding, and actively promote work related to wind power feed into grid parity with coal power without subsidy.

Due to the gradual implementation of various policies to promote the healthy development of wind power, the development goals of the 13th five-year plan for wind power could be achieved ahead of schedule. With the obvious ease the curtailment of wind generated electricity, decrease of the project cost, the development of distributed wind power will be accelerated. The development of offshore wind power will be active and steady. In areas with rich wind energy resources, the wind power projects available feed into power grid parity with coal power will be launched, taking the lead in entering new era of parity wind power without subsidy.

Key words:  Wind power;  Wind turbine generator;  Offshore wind power;  Curtailment of wind generated electricity;  Related policies